Barley and wheat were the most important crops in most European regions; oats and rye were also grown, along with a variety of vegetables and fruits. Near the Mediterranean Sea viticulture and olives were important. Rye is more winter-hardy and tolerant of poor soils than wheat and thus became the dominant crop on many marginal and northernmost European sites. Another hardy crop, bere, a kind of barley, was grown in Scandinavia and England, especially in marginal agricultural areas in Scotland. Crop failures due to bad weather were frequent throughout the Middle Ages and famine was often the result. In addition to the grain crops in the common fields of the open-field system, farmers' houses usually had a small garden (croft) near their house in which they grew vegetables such as cabbages, onions, peas, and beans; an apple, cherry, or pear tree; and raised a pig or two and a flock of geese.

Source: Wikipedia